In 1973, As'ad Humam began discussions at his home on challenges faced in teaching the reading of Quran.
In 1953, a Quranic teaching group was established using a traditional teaching method called the Baghdadi method. The book was first published in the early 1990s, but according to Team Tadarus AMM, the history began earlier. The Iqro method was originated by As'ad Humam (1933–1996), a kyai and merchant from Yogyakarta and developed by a team calling themselves Team Tadarus AMM, also in Yogyakarta. The last volume-the sixth-introduces the tajwid rules of iqlab (conversion) and ikhfa' (concealment), as well as the waqf (pausing rules). Volume five introduces various forms of alif lam (Arabic definite article) as well as the tajwid rule (Quranic recitation rule) of idgham (merging). Volume four introduces tanwin (nunation), sukun (non-vocalized consonant) and qalqalah (consonants with reduced vowel). The third volume introduces the kasrah (-i) and dammah (-u) vowels. The second volume introduces the non-isolated forms (initial, medial, and final) still in fathah. Volume one introduces each letter in the Arabic alphabet in its isolated form and fathah (-a) vowel. The six volumes are in increasing level of difficulty. Teachers are expected to give only minimum instruction and then passively listen to the students' recitation. Compared to the traditional method with emphasizes teacher-student relationship, the Iqro method was designed to allow for more independent learning.
"Be careful!", "Go slow here!") often punctuate the content. Instructions in the Indonesian language with the voice of an instruction (e.g. how a particular Arabic consonant assimilates). Pages in the book often contain notations on the top Each volume began with a teaching instruction. The Iqro book consists of six volumes, sometimes sold separately in different colors and sometimes bound together as one physical book. The rest of the page allows practice with this new lesson, as well as the previous lessons such as letters in isolation. The new lessons in this page-how certain Arabic letters are written in non-isolated forms-are introduced on top.
Content Ī page from the second volume of the book (called "Iqro 2"). This method also emphasizes teacher-student relationship at a personal level. This method uses a textbook called Qa'ida Baghdadiyya ma' Juz Amma, and uses a technique to spell out each letter and vowel markings in local languages before pronouncing a complete word (e.g. Prior to the popularity of Iqro, many taught Quranic reading using a method known as the "traditional" or "Baghdadi" method, which is still used today although to lesser extent. In addition, students must also learn a special set pronunciation rules for Quranic recitation known as the tajwid. Some Arabic phonemes (such as /θ/ for ث) do not appear in Indonesian languages and take training to pronounce correctly. Therefore, to read the Quran in the original Arabic, Indonesian Muslims must learn Arabic letters and the pronunciations. Indonesia has a majority Muslim population, but the population is not Arabic-speaking and the Arabic letters are not usually used except in religious contexts.
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